Japanese short-grain brown rice or Genmai (玄米) is a great alternative to short-grain white rice when you seek better health. Many people enjoy brown rice for its high fiber and nutritional value. With its chewy texture and slightly nutty flavor, it’s also satisfying and delicious! Today, I’ll share the right ratio of rice and water for Japanese short-grain brown rice, and how to rinse the rice and cook it properly in a rice cooker.
What is Japanese Brown Rice?
Japanese brown rice is a type of Japonica short-grain rice that is short, plump, and rounded oval. Brown rice is the unpolished kernel with the inedible outer hull removed. With the layer of bran and germ left intact, brown rice has more nutritional benefits compared to polished Japanese white rice. In general, Japanese rice has a higher water content compared to long-grain varieties like basmati or jasmine rice. This means that Japanese rice is more tender and moist. It‘s also more sticky and chewy because the grains contain less amylose—a type of starch that separates rice grains—than long-grain rice. However, Japanese brown rice is not as sticky as Japanese white rice and has a rougher texture. Because of this, some may find it difficult to eat. It is not recommended for small children and the elderly who may have difficulty digesting whole grains. It’s worth noting that outside of Japan, Japanese short-grain rice is often called “sushi rice” for marketing purposes. You may see Japanese brown rice referred to as “brown sushi rice.” In reality, Japanese brown rice is typically used in everyday meals and less often in sushi recipes. You may also notice that Japanese short-grain rice has been incorrectly called “sticky rice.” Sticky rice is actually another name for glutinous rice or short-grain Japanese mochigome. We use this type of glutinous rice to make Mochi, Sekihan, and Okowa. 👉🏻 To brush up on your knowledge, I highly recommend reading “Everything You Need to Know about Japanese Rice” and “Types of Japanese Rice.“
How to Use Brown Rice in Japanese Recipes
There are no specific Japanese recipes that would call for brown rice, but it’s more likely used as a healthy replacement for white rice. The majority of people find it hard to transition from white rice to brown rice directly, so it’s common to mix white rice and brown rice together to cook first, starting from 2 parts white rice to 1 part brown rice, then slowly transitioning to 1:1, then finally brown rice on its own. (More about cooking mixed rice below.) You may have seen brown rice used in sushi, sushi rolls, and rice balls outside of Japan, but it is not common in Japan and there are not many places where you can request brown rice. At this time, most of the brown rice usage is still in the home-cooking environment. You can definitely use brown rice to make donburi (rice bowl) dishes, such as Oyakodon, Gyudon, Katsudon, and Vegan Poke Bowl, and rice dishes like Japanese Chicken Curry and Yakimeshi (Fried Rice).
My Favorite Japanese Rice Brands
When it comes to high-quality Japanese rice, I would recommend the Koshihikari variety, which is available from various brands at Japanese grocery stores. Known for its sweet taste and fragrance, it is the most popular variety in Japan. For US-grown Koshihikari brown rice, we enjoy Genmai Sukoyaka Brown Rice and Koshihikari Premium Sprouted Brown Gaba Rice. If you live close to Nijiya Market, you can also look for Akita komachi brown rice. There are also other new cultivars such as Hitomebore, Akitakomachi, Tamanishiki, Tsuyahime, and so on. Each of them has unique characteristics that are different from Koshihikari.
The Right Rice-to-Water Ratio for Short-Grain Brown Rice
The golden ratio for brown rice to water is 1 to 1.6 (or 1.7) for Japanese short-grain brown rice. So… Exactly how much water do you need for each rice cooker cup? The plastic rice cooker cup that comes with the rice cooker is ¾ cup (180 ml). In Japan, this amount is called ichi go (一合). Here’s how much room-temperature water you need for each rice cooker cup of Japanese short-grain brown rice when you follow the 1-to-1.6 (or 1.7) ratio: Most Japanese rice cookers have a separate setting for brown rice. If yours does, the inner pot will have marked lines for how much water to add for the number of rice cooker cups that you’re cooking. In this case, you can simply add your rinsed and washed brown rice to the pot and pour water to the marked line. My family and I actually prefer to add a bit more water than the water line in the rice cooker bowl. Whenever we cook the rice according to the specified water line, the rice comes out a bit too dry. So, I highly encourage you to test and adjust the water amount whenever you switch the rice brand or the region where the rice is harvested.
How to Cook Japanese Short-Grain Brown Rice
The Ingredients You’ll Need
Japanese short-grain brown rice water (at room temperature) a pinch or two of salt
The Cooking Steps
How Much Rice Do I Need to Cook
1 rice cooker cup (180 ml, ¾ cup, 150 g) of uncooked short-grain brown rice 2¼ cups or 330 g of cooked rice 2 rice bowls 3 onigiri rice balls 1 donburi bowl 2 rice cooker cups (360 ml, 1½ cups, 300 g) of uncooked rice 4⅓ cups, 660 g of cooked rice 4 rice bowls 6 onigiri rice balls 2.5 donburi bowls 3 rice cooker cups (540 ml, 2¼ cups, 450 g) of uncooked rice 6⅔ cups or 990 g of cooked rice 6 rice bowls 9 onigiri rice balls 4 donburi bowls 4 rice cooker cups (720 ml, 3 cups, 600 g) of uncooked rice 8¾ cups or 1320 g of cooked rice 8 rice bowls 12 onigiri rice balls 5 donburi bowls 5 rice cooker cups (900 ml, 3¾ cups, 750 g) of uncooked rice 11 cups or 1650 g of cooked rice 10 rice bowls 15 onigiri rice balls 6 donburi bowls
Cooking Tips
Always rinse and wash the rice. We always quickly rinse and wash the rice a few times. This is important to help remove impurities and the natural occurrence of arsenic on the rice. Short-grain brown rice always requires soaking (6 hours to overnight), unlike other kinds of rice. Otherwise, you will end up with brown rice that’s dry and uncooked in the center of the grain. The rice grains are rounder and fatter, so they need a head start to absorb moisture to the core of the rice kernel. With brown rice, it takes even longer to absorb the water compared to white rice. Let the cooked rice steam for 10 minutes when the rice cooker turns off. Steaming is essential! It’s the final step in cooking Japanese rice. Without it, your rice will not cook fully. You can skip this step if your rice cooker program already includes 10 minutes of steaming time. Resist the urge to peek under the lid during this time! If you open the lid, you’ll release the precious steam that’s crucial for this resting period. Add a pinch of salt. It’s common in Japan to add a pinch of salt when cooking brown rice in order to remove the bitterness. When you use new crop rice (新米), reduce the water slightly. When you get a different brand of rice, test cooking the rice and adjust the amount of water, if needed The more rice you have in the pot, the more delicious your cooked rice will be. That’s because the most evenly cooked rice is in the center of the pot. The rice near the bottom and top simply cooks too fast. More rice in the pot means you’ll increase the central proportion of steamed rice for a more delicious outcome. That’s why I recommend cooking at least 2-3 rice cooker cups of uncooked rice at a time, even if you only need 1 cup. You can always freeze the extra rice with good results.
The Best Way to Store Cooked Rice
What’s the best method to store cooked rice? Simply freeze the rice in airtight containers and reheat to enjoy later on! This is by far the best approach to keeping your rice fresh and moist.
One cup of cooked brown rice weighs 5.3 oz (150 g). A typical rice bowl serving is 1 cup (150 g) of cooked rice. A typical donburi bowl serving is 1⅔ cups (250 g) of cooked rice. A typical onigiri (rice ball) weighs 3.9 oz (110 g) each.
Other Methods of Cooking Japanese Brown Rice
A Heavy-bottomed Pot on the Stovetop – Start cooking the rice in a heavy-bottomed pot without a lid over high heat until the water boils. Then, stir and reduce the heat to low. Cover tightly and cook for 30 minutes. Turn off the heat and let it stand covered for 30 minutes. Donabe on the Stovetop – Follow my instructions cooking brown rice in a Donabe. Instant Pot (Electric Pressure Cooker) – Follow my Instant Pot Brown Rice recipe.
My rice cooker does not have a Brown Rice setting. Can I still cook short-grain brown rice?
If your rice cooker does not have the “brown rice mode,” you can still use the regular “white rice mode” and increase the soaking time and steaming time.
Can I use Japanese brown rice to make sushi and onigiri?
Sushi and sushi rolls made with brown rice are extremely rare to find in Japan, although it’s pretty common outside of Japan. When it comes to sushi, people in Japan have certain expectations, and brown rice typically doesn’t meet their standards. As brown rice is not as sticky as white rice, it definitely falls apart more easily, but it’s not impossible and you can probably make it work. For making rice balls, you may want to wrap the brown rice onigiri with plastic wrap to keep them together.
What if I don’t have a rice cooker? Can I cook brown rice in a pot on the stovetop?
Yes, you can! Follow the same rice-to-water ratio and soaking time shared in this recipe. Start cooking the rice in a heavy-bottomed pot without a lid over high heat until the water boils. Then, stir and reduce the heat to low. Cook covered for 30 minutes. Let it stand covered for 30 minutes.
My Favorite Rice Cooker
Those of us who live outside of Japan don’t have too many (fancy) choices. Since I came to the US, I’ve been using only Zojirushi brand rice cookers (3 of them). This is my current rice cooker by Zojirushi. It is a Zojirushi Pressure Induction Heating Rice Cooker & Warmer (5.5 cups). As we eat rice at home almost every single day, I depend highly on a superior-quality rice cooker to cook the perfect rice for my family. This Zojirushi rice cooker uses pressurized cooking and AI (Artificial Intelligence) to cook rice. It also has a platinum-infused, nonstick inner cooking pan that brings out the natural sweetness of the rice. The other features include:
automatically selects from three pressure levels according to the menu selected healthy cooking options: brown rice and GABA brown rice settings menu settings include: white (regular, softer or harder), umami, mixed, sushi/sweet, porridge, brown, GABA brown, steam-reduce, scorch, rinse-free and quick cooking made in Japan
With this rice cooker, I’ve never once needed to worry about dry or mushy rice. It is absolutely one of the must-have kitchen gadgets I can’t live without! Wish to learn more about Japanese cooking? Sign up for our free newsletter to receive cooking tips & recipe updates! And stay in touch with me on Facebook, Pinterest, YouTube, and Instagram.
